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This article describes the geography of the Republic of Kiribati. Kiribati consists of 32 atolls and one island scattered over all four hemispheres in an expanse of ocean equivalent in size to the continental United States. The islands lie roughly halfway between Hawaii and Australia in the Micronesian region of the South Pacific. The three main island groupings are the Gilbert Islands, Phoenix Islands, and Line Islands. On 1 January 1995 Kiribati moved the International Date Line to include its easternmost islands and make it the same day throughout the country. Kiribati includes Kiritimati (Christmas Atoll; in the Line Islands), the largest coral atoll (in terms of land area, not dimensions) in the world, and Banaba (Ocean Island), one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific. Most of the land on these islands is less than two metres above sea level. A 1989 United Nations report identified Kiribati as one of the countries that could completely disappear in the 21st century if steps are not taken to address global climate change. Owing to a population growth rate of more than 2% and the overcrowding around the capital of South Tarawa, a program of migration was begun in 1989 to move nearly 5,000 inhabitants to outlying atolls, mainly in the Line Islands. A program of resettlement to the mostly uninhabited Phoenix Islands was begun in 1995. The Phoenix Islands Protected Area constitutes 11.34% of Kiribati’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and with a size of it is the second largest marine protected area (MPA) in the Pacific Ocean. ==Statistics== ; Location: : Oceania, group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati unilaterally moved the International Date Line from the middle of the country to include its easternmost islands and make it the same day throughout the country ; Geographic coordinates: : ; Map references: : Oceania ; Area: : * Total: : * Land: 811 km2 : * Water: none : * Note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands ; Land boundaries: : none ; Coastline: : ; Maritime claims: : * Territorial sea: : * Exclusive economic zone: ; Climate: : Tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds ; Terrain: : Mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs ; Elevation extremes: : * Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m : * Highest point: unnamed location on Banaba ; Natural resources: : Phosphate (production on Banaba (Ocean Island) discontinued in 1979), coconuts, fish ; Land use: : * Arable land: 2.5% : * Permanent crops: 39.5% : * Permanent pasture: 0% : * Forest: 15% : * Other: 43% (2011) ; Irrigated land: : NA ; Natural hazards: : Cyclones can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level.The Climate Change in the Pacific Report (2011) describes Kiribati as having a low risk of cyclones; however in March 2015 Kiribati experienced flooding and destruction of seawalls and coastal infrastructure as the result of Cyclone Pam, a Category 5 cyclone that devastated Vanuatu. ; Environment - current issues: : Heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk ; Environment - international agreements: : * Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling : * Signed, but not ratified: None of the selected agreements ; Geography - note: : 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru. Kiribati is the only country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres (northern, southern, eastern, and western) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geography of Kiribati」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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